hello and welcome to sake Tech in
today's video I will give you guys a
quick introduction to Linux and I'm
gonna show you how to use some very
useful introductory Linux commands using
a terminal window now just to be clear
this is a course for beginners who want
to learn how to use commands on a Linux
terminal now for those of you guys who
are not familiar with Linux at all let's
give you a quick perspective Linux is
not Unix UNIX was created by a bunch of
AT&T employees in 1969 Linux was written
by a name AGGA by a guy named Linus
travolt who created the entire thing by
himself and released it around 1991 now
Linux is a powerful operating system but
it is especially designed for server
systems and 90% of the world's fastest
computers like supercomputers run on
some form of Linux and this is because a
rock-solid system okay so that was a
quick history on Linux that was just to
give you a perspective now Linux and
UNIX are different just remember that
now one more thing before we dive in
Linux comes in many different varieties
which are called distros or
distributions in this tutorial we will
use the popular Ubuntu distribution of
Linux but there are others out there as
well such as Fedora mint and Debian and
more even Android is a Linux
distribution so the basic commands we
will rerun it we will be running and
learning today can be generally used on
almost all different Linux distributions
alright so let me go ahead and launch
Linux and I just wanna let you know I'm
running Linux on my Windows so what you
do is you install VirtualBox which is
right here so let me launch that and
inside a virtual box you can install any
operating system possible so I have put
Ubuntu Linux in
side of VirtualBox on my Windows 7
machine ok so let me run this up and I
just wanna let you know you can actually
find a link in the description below
which tells you how to install
VirtualBox and Linux on your windows 7
if you want to go ahead and do that but
this is the Ubuntu Linux that is
launching right now ok so here you're
looking at bound to Linux and before we
dive into the commands I'm going to show
you something real quick what you're
seeing here all these icons all this
desktop all this nice graphical features
this is called the GUI GUI this is
called the graphical user interface now
we're not worried about that today what
we're worried about is the CLI which is
called a command line interface so you
have to launch a terminal to go into the
command line interface and then once you
are search for an app you can type in
terminal which brings up the terminal
right here and then you can actually
click that and that is the terminal we
will be working with all right so the
first command we will be looking at
today is the PWD command
oops it's not typing okay p WD command
PWD command stands for print working
directory so when I press ENTER it
actually tells me which directory I am
currently located at so if I go to my
own folder browser I am actually in home
sake which is right here so I'm looking
at all these guys on my command prompt
now the second command I want to show
you guys is the LS command when you
press LS it gives you a listing of
everything which is in the current
directory so the current directory is
the sake directory which is my username
and
under home inside of home I've got all
these guys so I've got the desktop
downloads music public videos and if you
come over here that's all the same stuff
you're gonna see in a regular File
Explorer so here's the desktop documents
downloads music same stuff that you see
here so that is the LS command it's it's
it stands for list and when you list it
lists whatever is inside of your current
directory again PWD stands for print
working directory so it tells you where
you are currently located in now as you
can see when you have a pretty graphical
user interface you can see everything
right in front of you but if you have a
command line interface like this one a
terminal you're not gonna be able to see
anything so if I clear this that's all
you see so you have no idea where you
are okay
so to see where you are PWD to see what
you have at where you are you type in
list now the next command I'm going to
show you is called a CD command and CD
command has a lot of variations CD is
used for navigation so let's say I want
to go to the Downloads folder how do I
go there I type in CD and I type in
downloads the name of the folder and
just remember everything has to be
exactly as it appears so the in in Linux
everything is case-sensitive so this
cannot be a small d it has to be
capitalized just like it is here okay so
if I type in CD downloads now I am in
the downloads folder okay and how do I
know I'm in downloads folder
PWD it actually tells you right here so
I'm in home slash sake / downloads okay
and let's see what we have in downloads
right now type in list and there's
nothing in downloads so that's all
launch this again go to downloads and as
you can see download
directory is actually empty okay so if
it is empty you're not gonna see
anything here now let's say I want to go
back to my home directory my sake
directory how do I go back
so CD takes you into a folder and if you
want to go out what you do is you type
in CD space two dots and that takes you
back to the previous directory that you
were focused on now if you want to go to
the root directory which is like in
Windows it's like the C directory what
you type is CD forward slash make sure
you put the space okay so CD space
forward slash press Enter and that's
gonna take you to the root directory
let's type in LS and as you can see the
root directory has much more than your
user directory okay again but home and
sake is inside of root root is at the
top of everything so if you look around
carefully you'll see the home directory
sitting in the root directory and if you
go in there
CD home and you type in LS you will see
your username okay and then CD sake then
you type in LS and now you're back over
here this and this match so remember
this will take you to the root of your
Linux operating system and inside of
root you've got all kinds of fancy
things that you don't want to worry
about right now so let's do a quick
recap let's go to the music folder CD
music so I'm now in the music's folder
or the directory I'm going to be using
the the word folder and directory
interchangeably interchangeably and
they're gonna be mean B meaning the same
exact thing okay so in here let's type
in PWD so that means prank
working directory and it tells you that
you are in fact focused on the music
folder again if you go over here here's
the music folder if you go to home
here's the music folder okay it's empty
let's type in LS to see if it is really
empty it is in fact empty so next I'm
going to show you how to copy or move a
file so let's go back CD space dot takes
us back and do an LS and let's say I
want to go into the Documents folder so
I type in CD Documents and then type in
LS and here what I have is I have a test
file so this is one of the files what I
want to do what I want to do is I want
to copy this file and I'm gonna use the
CP command for that that stands for a
copy I'm gonna copy this test file and
I'm going to paste it into the same
folder with a different name so test
copy and I'm going to press Enter
okay just to give you make you
understand exactly what happens so you
use the copy command you pick the file
that you're trying to copy and then you
give it a brand new name to create the
copy within the same folder okay so if I
type in LS now you have the first file
test and then you've got test copy now
how do I remove this file you use the RM
command okay so the RM command is used
to delete a file in your current folder
so if you type in RM test copy and you
type in LS as you can see test copy is
gone and we only have test left over now
what if I want to copy test file and I
want to paste it into the Downloads
folder how do you do that okay what you
got to do is you have
type in CP and you take the test file
and then you have to tell the computer
where do you want to put the copy of the
test file so remember if you go up here
we're working under home / sake okay so
what you want to do is you want to do
slash home slash sake slash downloads
and you press ENTER and type in LS we
still have the test file right here now
let's go back CD doc type in LS and
let's navigate to the Downloads folder
and if I type in LS here now we've got
the file test sitting here which we
copied over from the Documents folder so
let's go ahead and remove this file from
the Downloads folder so our M is the
remove command RM test and remember
because we are focused in two downloads
when we do RM test its gonna dump it's
gonna delete the test file only from the
Downloads folder because that is where
we are focused on press ENTER type in
list one more time LS and now there's
nothing there left so let's go back
let's just type in PWD and we're back in
a home sake okay next the next style
let's talk about making a new folder and
deleting the new folder so let me launch
this right here and I'm gonna minimize
I'm gonna make this a little thinner
here okay so you can still see what's
going on one second
alright so that's better so let's go to
my arm My Documents over here and let's
go to CD documents oops
Dawkins okay so now we're in the
Documents folder and all we have in here
is the test file which you can see right
here let's make a new folder so how do
you make a new folder you use the
command called MK dir press ENTER and
it's gonna say some kind of error
because we were missing an operand okay
so we were missing the new directory we
used the command what we did not specify
the name of the directory so you type in
MK dere dir and then you type in test
folder I'm gonna use capital letters
here okay and as you can see over here a
test folder was created instantly and I
can actually go into that test folder if
I wanted to LS and there's nothing in
there
so let's go back CD dot dot and let's
delete the test folder so how do you
delete that what you do is you using the
commune's the command rmdir so this one
is make directory
this one is remove directory type in
test folder and I'm not gonna press
ENTER take a look over here and let's
come back here and press ENTER and that
directory disappears now if the
directory had something inside it we
cannot delete the directory that has
stuff in it using our m dir okay so
let's uh MK dir make another directory
in the Documents folder and say test ok
so it popped up right here and let's go
inside here and let's just create a new
document ok new doc now if I try to
delete this using rmdir test folder
let's go back here ok so now the test
folder has a file in it it is the new
doc okay if I try to delete this
it's gonna say failed to remove test
directory is not empty so how do you
delete this you have to actually use the
RM command which is a remove command for
files but what you do is you have to set
a new option you have to say - R and
then you have to type in test ok so
watch this there's still a file in here
but it's just gonna disappear okay so
everything in test has been removed so
this is how you delete folders that have
existing files inside of them you use
the RM command you put a space you put a
minus R and then you put a space and
then you put the name of the directory
right underneath and right next to minus
R okay so here it's got a really messy
here so let's use the clear command to
clear the screen real quick and I'm
going to talk about a couple other
commands and we're gonna end the
tutorial here all right so the final
command I want to go over is called a
man command
okay MA and now this stands for manual
manuals okay like like tutorials so when
you don't know what you're doing and you
want to find out more about any command
that you're using you can type in man
space and let's just say the LS command
which is the list command and you press
ENTER it's gonna give you a whole lot of
information regarding the LS command so
you're gonna get the name of the command
which is LS it says list directory
contents okay you get a quick setup
synopsis you get a description of what
the command exactly does and all that
stuff and once you're done reading this
whole thing you just type key Q to quit
okay so let's do one more man and let's
do the CP command which is the copy
command
press ENTER and it says here it copies
files and directories okay and you have
a description here and you can read
through this whole thing and you can
keep pressing enter to get more
information so press ENTER to continue
okay to go all the way but when you're
done you can press Q and it just quits
the manual so that's how you can get
information on any command that you want
in Linux alright and thanks for watching
this video now there are going to be
more Linux tutorials coming soon
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websites and my actual website are found
in the description below alright thanks
for watching again and I'll see you the
next time