by the end of this video you will have
learned every
single piece of n5 level japanese
grammar thanks to over 100 different
examples taken from over
60 different video games throughout
video game
history my name is matt and welcome to
my video game textbook
as we work through all of the grammar
points in the japanese jlptn5 level
i will try to be as concise as possible
while also giving detailed explanations
of each of the grammar points
i will include examples taken from
scenes from all of your favorite video
games
to help both give you context as well as
give you
visual connection to each of these
pieces of grammar being used
so that you can learn exactly how they
are used and also help you feel as
confident as possible
in mastering in five japanese so without
further ado
let's get started
in spoken japanese so the first way of
expressing
must not do in spoken japanese is this
cha
ikenai it's actually the colloquial
version of
tewa ikenai by turning
this first example is used when the
verb's
tef form ends in a te sound
in the tef form like taberu to eat
turning into
tabe te so you can see it ends in a te
or
for this example irete to put in
so to say that you must not put in would
be
erecha ikenai in spoken japanese
now this first example is slightly more
formal and indirect
ikenai meaning no good or must not
and it's often used when expressing
rules or common
knowledge as the woman that the main
character he is talking
to isn't particularly close and is
telling him of a rule that men
must not come inside she uses erecha
ikenai to express must not put or
let in
and so as i mentioned there's the second
style the
ja now this ja is used when the te form
ends in
a de sound like nommu to drink
turning into non de or in this example
shinu to die turning into shin
dai when put in the te-form so you use
shinja ikenai
you must not die again as before
this is being used colloquially in a
spoken manner
in a kind of slightly formal or strict
manner
the woman here is telling barrett a sort
of rule or agreement
she will take care of his daughter so
long as he doesn't die
he must not die it's forbidden so both
of these forms
come from the original tewa ikenai which
we will
cover later in this video but now onto a
different one we have
cha or ja dame
oda
now if you were wanting to use the same
expression as before but in a little bit
more of a
casual or emotional or a direct way
you would use dame instead of ikenai
dame means kind of bad ikenai is a
little bit more like
no good so in this example the main
character is yelling at the old man in a
quite emotional manner that he must not
die
in a place like this it's not
necessarily a rule or an agreement
it's just an emotional declaration it's
close it's direct
if you were to tell your family or
friends that they must not do something
without sounding like you're kind of
teaching them a rule then
cha or ja is the grammar point to use
is one of the most common pieces of
grammar in all of
japanese it's used at the end of
sentences to state that something
is often translated as to be in
english as it shares the same usage take
for example
these words by themselves big
or key small chi sai fat
and yummy oishi they are all by
themselves and they don't have any clear
direction of how they're being used
however by adding deaths to the ends of
these words
you can now state that something is big
orky desu or is small chi
sai desu or in this case is the
appearance of
zanakand roughly 1 000 years ago
it can also be conjugated into the past
form with
dexter meaning was or were
so des is quite polite but if you wanted
to be more
casual we have
[Music]
so just like des da is used in the
exactly same way
however this is the casual version it's
used in more casual settings like with
family or
friends if you were to use desu all the
time
non-stop you may start to sound a little
bit either overly polite
or a little bit robotic and so duh is
the more casual way of expressing
exactly the same thing
so in this situation where kazuya from
tekken 7
is sending heihachi to his grave it is
much more appropriate for him to be
using
hakuba da it is your grave and awadi
da it is the end as this occasion does
not call for him using polite speech
but
[Music]
is incredibly useful to help express
reason
these three english expressions are some
of the more common translations
and it depends on context which one is
most fitting
however at its core dakara is used to
express
reason for something i'm hungry so
let's have pizza dakara
pizza tabayo or in this case chie is
explaining
why she has been so worried and so she's
just used it at the end of the sentence
to say
that's why i've been so worried
[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
has two core differences in meaning
only and just and then this as much as
okay let's look at the first one if you
had one person hitori
and you wanted to say only one person
you would say hitori only
one person or just one person or for
example here from final fantasy 10
2 muay chido bubai toru dake
i only need or i just need to steal it
back
once more it can also be used to express
as
much as like in the expression dekiru
[Music]
can be used in place of death so it's
polite
in all situations to imply a degree of
probability
or speculation you could say that
something is
probably okay or you could think that
it's okay by saying ee desho
e meaning good and deshaw makes it sound
like you're either stating that it's
probably okay
or speculating on whether it is and
perhaps asking for confirmation
in this example raudor is saying to luka
that he thinks that his own troops would
not be enough
if the ruka were to wield his blade he
is being polite as he is speaking to a
senior officer and is in a way
reassuring dukkha
that his sword skills are still quite
formidable
it is used in the exact same way it's
just more
casual and it's used in place of duh in
this example the man is asking clarice
if she's
in there but he's quite sure that she is
and so he says
you're in there right this shows that
the character has either a close
relationship with clarice or that he's
perhaps a little bit more of a casual
speaker
and so he uses daro instead of desho
in the first example we saw that it was
being used to reassure
and this time it's being used for
confirmation you're in there right
now
the first definition we have of de is
used to express the location
where an action occurs the word before
the death particle must be a location
noun in this usage for example
i study at school or in this example
from zelda breath of the wild
the king is telling link that the voice
of zelda that he can hear
is at or in hyrule
castle high jaw de so if you want to say
that you are doing an
action at a specific location you can
use
dare to express that
today
dare can also be used to express a means
or method of doing something
i will go by car or here
funky kong is telling donkey kong that
he will guide you around the island
with the jumbo jet barrel
jambo
democian
it is often used to start a new sentence
or to connect
two contradicting ideas in a very
similar way that but
or however is used in english pizzaga
i like pizza but i also like meat
so it can be used at the beginning of a
sentence or in the middle
now here from the video game judgment or
judge eyes
we have but lately demo psyche
this is an incredibly useful grammar
pattern that is used
very similar to the english counterparts
just don't get it confused with
temo demo which is a separate grammar
for
n4 and means something completely
different
kimiwa not
what kind of or what sort of this
grammar pattern is used to ask about the
state
or characteristic of something what kind
of pizza do you like
donna pizzagasqui descar here asking
what type or flavor of pizza do you like
or like here in kingdom hearts what kind
of
power do you seek dona
and so just like in english you put it
before the noun that you want to inquire
about
why or for what reason doshter is used
to ask someone why they do something
such as why do you like games dorchester
gamerguski
or in this case from metal gear solid 3
the boss is asking naked snake
why he came back
it can also be used to ask how for
example
how or why do you know that
[Music]
do yatte is a very useful expression
that focuses on the
means of doing something
how do i get to the station or take this
example from final fantasy vii
remake where biggs is asking jesse
precisely
how they're supposed to get back to the
slums
how do we get back to the slums
the subject or identifier particle
the first use of ga at the n5 level
is to mark the subject of a sentence now
this
term can be a little bit confusing for
those who aren't familiar with what a
subject of a sentence
is but just try to think of it like the
doer of the action
in the sentence or the identifier of who
what and why
there's a term is what in english
that can often be a nice translation for
example
literally a convenience store is what is
nearby
or hear from hajime no ippo gong
nareba when the bell is what rings
everything is what will be understood
now it sounds unnatural in english but
think of it like the particle that
shows you what is doing the verb what
rings the bell does what is understood
everything is everything
is so you can see here that it's
answering that question even if it's not
being asked
if you want a more detailed explanation
check out my why
versus grammar video so that you can
master both of these incredibly
important
particles
or however the second use of ga
is in the middle of a sentence and this
expresses a conjunction
nihongo or
i can read japanese but i can't
speak it so it's used just like
but in english and so here in fire
emblem 3 houses
a man interrupts gerald's conversation
with his
son and says i'm sorry but
can i have you come with me
i'm sorry but now often following this
conjunctive use
of gar we will see a comma following it
to help you
show that it's not the subject marker
but it's actually this
but but other times you just need to
know from context which
is which there won't always be a comma
to help you out
nani hanashigaru
for non-living things now if we place
aru after the gas subject marker we can
use it to express that
something exists or that you have
something not living like tables you
have a table or
chairs and even abstract concepts like a
conversation or
feeling so to state that they exist or
that you have them
i have or there is a tv here
tifa is saying to cloud in a flashback
that he
said he had something that he wanted to
talk to her about
expressed simply with halashiga hanashi
aru to have a conversation or something
to talk about
just keep in mind that this must not be
used for
living things for that we used
[Music]
now this is exactly the same as but it's
used for things with
life like people or animals
so here in this example the prison guard
is saying to ichi that if he has someone
waiting for him outside
sotoday
so just be careful aru is for non-living
things
and eru is for living things
another example using the subject marker
now used with
hoshi to want something it can be used
with both kanji or simply written in
hiragana only so if you want something
simply put the noun that you want before
ga hoshi and you're good to go pizzaga
hoshi or as big boss from metal gear 2
says once your fighting instinct is
awakened
you become to want even more intensity
yori
wanting more tension or intensity
[Music]
[Music]
it should be better too or you should so
now we're moving on to how to express
that it would be better if you did a
certain action
here following a verb in any tense
you put horga e to show that it would be
better
if you did that action benkyo
you should study or it would be better
if you study or perhaps you were in a
dangerous place
and it would be better if you were more
careful like here in suikoden
5 kyotsketa hoga e you should be
careful or it would be better if you
were careful now can be written
with both either kanji
or hiragana and they're both used around
the same amount
so just be aware that you can see this
whole e with both
the kanji or with the hiragana only as
they both used around the same amount
[Music]
in japanese there are actually two
different types of
adjectives e adjectives and na
adjectives
and the way that you treat each is
slightly different especially when you
conjugate them
here with e adjectives you can tell that
it's an e
adjective because an e adjective ends in
an e
sound although that's not always the
case
so please be careful for example kid
for pretty is actually not an e
adjective now when conjugating an e
adjective
perhaps you want to say that something
was yummy or it isn't
yummy or it was not yummy so
in order to do this you need to drop the
last
e in the e adjective and replace it with
a
ku turning oishee into oishikatta was
yummy or oishikunai
it was not yummy and if you're not
conjugating the e adjective you can just
leave it nice and simple like here
i am busy we can also turn
e adjectives into adverbs by replacing
the e
adjective with ku like here in witcher
[Applause]
3.
[Applause]
says that he will warmly welcome the
beast
is the e adjective for warm however it's
being turned into
atata kaku to
warmly welcome so this adjective is now
being turned
into an adverb
the best when you want to say something
is
number one you use ichiba ichiban
meaning
one and bun meaning number this is also
a useful way to express
the most or the best my most
favorite food is pizza pizza ichiban
it is the food that i most like or if
you would like
solid snake from metal gear solid and
you're looking for the
shortest path into a nuclear storage
facility
you would be looking for the ichiban no
michi the most shortest path
or the best shortcut to conjugate this
grammar
you can either say noun ga ichiban
the noun is the most or ichiban
adjective the most something
ishoni together next we have how to
express
doing something together with ishoni
this is often following the particle to
expressing with like together with for
example
tomodachi with my friends
ishoni
i will go together to school here in
swigurum
2 you can do what is known in english as
a unite
attack or simply in japanese attacking
together ishoni
to attack together so if you click on
ishoni
you will now attack the enemy together
so next time you're doing something
together with your friends
make sure to use ishoni
it's more
[Music]
another core piece of grammar that
everyone must know
is how to express always doing something
or
being a certain way for example you may
have noticed that in this video i
always talk about pizza pizza
here ryu from street fighter is saying
that he always feels
nostalgic about fighting it's more
or not so
here it is a habitual thing that he
always
does he always feels natsuka
[Music]
be am not is not and are not
daiwanai is the formal way of expressing
that something
is not a certain way ningen derwanai
is a formal way of saying that i am not
human
be aware that the particle combination
here is
derwa plus ni so the
ha here is actually pronounced just like
the wah
particle because it's actually the one
particle that's being used here in this
grammar point and so here
igor from persona 5 is a formal speaking
old man
and so he uses this style of speech here
to say that it does
not mean that it's the case
referring here to there being no means
of resisting
and that not being the case just like
with
desho and daro dawa nai
is placed where you would usually put a
desu
in a sentence you could also make this
more polite in addition to being formal
by
changing the nai in daiwanai to adimasen
making the polite formal way of saying
something is to not
be so is not would be dewa
[Music]
whatever
to not be casual so
here is the more casual form of derwa
nai janai this is what you would use
with your
friends and family to avoid sounding too
formal and uptight like igor does and
more like a typical casual style of
talking
now this is exactly the same as derwani
saying that it is not the case just it's
more
casual so here cloud is saying that it's
not
that he was just looking for a job
it is not that he was just
looking for work
[Music]
the question particle car can be used at
the end of a sentence
to show a question like are you japanese
nihonjindeska or even simply at the end
of a sentence as a rhetorical question
like
or as if like seen here in hideo
kojima's
snatcher the main character here hears a
strange
noise and gets panicked only to realize
that it was
only a crow and so he says karaska
a crow huh
foreign
can also be used mid-sentence to give a
list of potential
choices and possibilities so we can see
that in english
or is a perfect fit like here in final
fantasy viii
questus comes to the infirmary because
she hears that one of her students was
injured
now she knew that it would either be
squall
or cipher and so here she
so you can see that it's being used here
between two nouns to say this
or this
next we have how to express from in
japanese
so in english when we say from england
we have from come first from england
but in japanese it needs to follow the
noun
so it would be igi meaning from
england so here in the yakuza series we
have the main character
kiriu being introduced and his friend
does this by telling the boss first
where kiriyu is from and so he says
tokyo kara from tokyo kara can also be
used
just like the previous grammar point
dakara that we learned previously
however you need to pay close attention
to how it's conjugated
differently to express because or
since with kara when put after a verb
or an e adjective simply add kata
straight after
but if it's a noun or a na adjective
then you must use dakara you cannot use
cutter with nouns and na adjectives
because you need to add
this da after a noun or an adjective
or how to do something now at first
glance
this kanji might seem familiar it's the
same kanji from
hor ga e however when
used with the stem form of a verb which
is by removing the mass
in a must form verb it is read as
kata and this shows the way of doing
something or
how to do that particular verb so for
example tabe mas
to eat would turn into tabekata how
someone eats or even how to eat
so just like here from cyberpunk 2077
v is surprised that his buddy can speak
politely
and so he says
you can also talk in a polite way of
speaking huh so
way of speaking is hanashi or
here in the next example
kami is wanting a better fighter and
asks
gail if he can't do a little better way
of fighting
here is the way of fighting
[Music]
[Music]
but or however here we have yet another
way of expressing
but in japanese but this time it is used
particularly between
two contradicting ideas for example
usually when something is which means
tough or difficult
it's not also fun right that's where
this is contradicting
and this is why it calls for the use of
kedor so here
gohan is surprised at this amazing
unknown key appearing all of a sudden
and yet
it somehow feels familiar he wouldn't
expect it to be familiar
and this is why it's a contradiction to
what is normal and so he uses
[Music]
is now the more formal way of saying the
same thing
as kedor you can remove the more turning
it into
kere do however the full kere domo
is more polite this next usage is
interesting from a final fantasy vii
fan's perspective because we see cloud
all of a sudden
speaking quite polite and formally
perhaps
this is a hint at his mind unravelling
but what is certain is that this
keredomo
is both a polite and formal way of
saying
but like kedor and so there are three
different ways that you can say
but or however particularly used between
two contradicting ideas starting from
the lowest casual you have
kedo then and then
could i and good i about
or approximately both of these words
mean the exact same thing
and while they do have some usage
conventions
they are actually freely used
interchangeably with each other the
first meaning here is used to express
that something
being around a certain amount for
example
at around five o'clock gorji goodai
ni or here where earth is asking the
lady
how many flowers she wants she says dore
goodai this is a set phrase for how
much but if we broke down the expression
literally
we would see that the usage of good eye
means
about how many
[Music]
the next definition is used to express
something being
at least a certain way so tifa says to
cloud
wouldn't you like to experience it at
least
once and so here we can see that could i
or good i could be used
ichido could i at least once
still or not yet this next example
sentence perfectly represents the two
different usages
of mother it can be used to express that
something is
not yet in a certain state here the
castle is being
surrounded and it's falling to enemy
troops
and the prince says it hasn't fallen
yet mother or simply not yet
and then he continues and says there is
still a magic
barrier this second use of mother is
actually showing that something is
still a certain way so the first example
was not
yet and now it's still so he is trying
to reassure
who he is speaking to that it's going to
be okay
because the magic barrier still exists
so you can use mother for both still or
not yet
the next evolution of mother here is
with
mother and then followed by a verb in
the
te masen or te inai
form and this is used to express that an
action has
not yet been done this time used
solely with verbs so if you're still
waiting for that bus to come you can say
basua
mother kittema said bus still hasn't
come yet
or if you are oren and you still haven't
finished fulfilling a promise to your
friend you could say like he says in
final fantasy 10
mother what they i'm not yet
finished
until as far as or to an extent
mother is a very versatile piece of
grammar
that can be used in quite a few
different ways
it always follows a noun and with it you
can express things like
go mother until school yeah
mother as far as home soccer
mother to there and even namida
made to the point of tears and so here
in tekken
7 akuma has just defeated heihachi
and he reflects on heihachi's strength
as a man
and he says
a man to this extent huh kind of like
saying this is how strong you are huh so
this is quite a diverse
useful and a little bit tricky grammar
point to get used to but just keep in
mind that it has
these different definitions and they can
be used in different contexts
so when you come across this try and fit
in one of these four and see which one
fits best
[Music]
before or in front of this grammar is
used
mainly for two situations the first one
is to
say that something happened before a
certain time
or event like
this means before going to bed or it can
be used to express
being directly in front of something
spatially
like in front of just like here in final
fantasy 8
where a voice on the radio is asking
squall if he can see
the touch panel that's in front of him
and so he says
in front of your eyes you can see a
touch panel
right
would you do you want to or shall we
this is a polite way of asking someone
quite literally
won't you do x and more commonly
translated as
shall we or do you want to now this is
used to ask someone politely if they
would like to do
something and so here one of these punks
is asking their leader if they can kill
this man from the yakuza series
do you want to kill him now or shall we
kill him already and so here he is being
polite to his senior
and asking his boss if he wants to
finish the job on this guy
to conjugate this form is very simple
just put
a verb in the negative must form
masen and then just simply add ka to the
end
so like iku to go would just be
ikimasenka
shall we go or would you like to go
to do which is best explained as simply
meaning a polite way of saying
let's do something masho let's
study benkyo or here the lady is telling
her friend
that he should stop harassing this guy
and just leave and sushi says
hey let's stop shall we stop
[Music]
and so now this next evolution of
marshall is one
step further we're adding ka to the end
and this becomes a polite way to offer
help
to the listener like asking shall i do
something
shall i take a photo for you
or here in chrono trigger when you go
into the kind of
help room at the beginning of the game
they ask you
shall i tell you about weapons and armor
foreign
another one of those really useful
particles
this time replacing where a ga or might
go in a sentence
and it makes it into two or also
or with negatives nor for example
perhaps you like pizza you would say
watashi
mo pizzaguski i also like pizza
or perhaps you found a friend who's also
studying japanese
you could say watashi mo yongo
benkostero
i'm also studying japanese and it can
even be used with
negatives like in this example from
dragon ball
fighters where yamcha says that this
time
there will be no carelessness nor
arrogance within him
so mo is being used twice here but it
just means
no it won't be it's like the negative
form of saying
to or also
[Music]
[Music]
next is a very similar sounding word
more the u here is actually slightly
more drawn out sounding than simply
mo from the previous particle this time
more means again or another
for example if you didn't hear something
you could ask your friend to repeat what
they just said
or like here in shenmue this man is
saying that he
in fact is going to ask rio's father one
more time
it can also be used to say that
something is already a certain way
more kujida it's already nine o'clock
so just make sure that you have that oo
sound at the end
otherwise it's just more more and more
more can also be used with negatives to
say that you are no
longer going to do that action anymore
just like here in persona 5
i'm not going to put up with it anymore
[Music]
now we have finally made it on to the
second type of adjective
and if you remember as i previously said
there were two
different types e adjectives and
na adjectives here is that second type
an adjective ending in this
type of adjective is actually much
easier than the e
adjectives to conjugate in a sentence as
they actually follow the exact same
rules as
nouns so just like a noun pen
pen desu it is a pen
now if we get a na adjective for example
genki you could say genki
desu genki means lively or energetic
so if you wanted to say that person
is energetic it would be sono hitowa
genki desu or if you wanted to change
the word order and put more emphasis on
the person's characteristic
simply put the na adjective before the
noun
therefore it's modifying that noun for
example
[Music]
so here from nino kuni we have
yada this is a na adjective which
means kind of detestable unpleasant or
disagreeable
this is commonly seen used when just
flat out refusing
something or in an almost tantrum manner
yada or even yada but this is actually
still
a na adjective and you can actually use
it to describe something as well
like this unpleasant feeling so we have
the na adjective followed by a na
and then you have whatever you're
modifying so iyana kimochi
means the unpleasant feeling
[Music]
is now this next example is from the
opening of
rock man 8 or mega man 8 where the
opening credits is explaining that a
mysterious
meteorite with intense energy has struck
the earth an intense
energy so first it is the na adjective
followed by na and then you have the
noun
and this is adding more detail to the
energy so the
energy is becoming
intense energy
don't do next is an incredibly simple
grammar that is actually quite useful at
least for comprehension of
media so by putting na immediately after
the dictionary form of a verb
you turn that verb into a kind of order
to not do that action taberu to eat
would be taberuna don't eat but be
careful
this is actually quite strong and direct
and it's actually a contraction of
naidah
a more polite way of asking someone not
to
do something which we'll cover shortly
however this is
incredibly common in video games in
movies
in any kind of media but it just might
not be something you might actually
say to someone because it's a little bit
strong and less
emergency called for
[Music]
konomi toronto
[Music]
so here we have just like na but it has
that second
ah making it a little bit more like na
and this
is a sentence ending particle and it
also
shows confirmation or admiration
and a lot of other emotions now this is
not to be confused with the previous now
so just make sure it's
this is often written with a small r
afterwards however
sometimes it's actually just not by
itself now this is
very similar to ne in japanese
this na can express a wide range of
things
such as asking for confirmation from a
listener
like right and you can also express hope
or admiration or even uncertainty
and you can also add emphasis to what is
being said like in this example from
valkyria chronicle so the main character
has arrived
back to his hometown after a long period
away
and he says natsukashina how
nostalgic so here he is expressing
admiration
and how it feels to finally be back
in his hometown natsukashi is just
nostalgic but this natsukashi nah
it's just like ah it's so nostalgic huh
this is a very useful
sentence ender to add a wide range of
emotions
based on how you say it and what context
it's being used in
code
[Music]
without doing by putting a verb into the
ni form and adding de and then followed
by another verb
you can express doing one verb without
doing the second verb so for example
i always drink coffee without putting in
sugar so you can see that putting in
sugar
is first sato
without putting in sugar and then we
have nomi
mas i drink take another example here
from final fantasy vii
where after trying many times to
correctly time this simultaneous button
press
tifa says let's go without losing
focus
means to lose focus so kyo nuku neither
means without losing focus
and then iko let's
[Music]
please don't so this next usage of nida
is what i mentioned previously about
the na at the end of a word telling
someone not to do something and that
being a little bit
too direct and strong so here
naida is the more polite version of
asking someone to not
do something like in this example here
where naruhodo is asking mayoi
not to ever mention a particular
person's
name kuchini shinaide don't speak
of that person now if we were wanting to
make this phrase
even more polite we would use
naida
please don't now this is the highest
of the three forms in n5 in terms of
politeness
in asking someone not to do something
suruna
ordering someone not to do an action
shinai
asking someone not to do that action and
then shinaide kudasai
politely asking someone not to do
that action here in an example where a
yakuza member is actually being
overly polite while actually being
disrespectful
as a kind of power move and so he says
to his customer at the girls bar
hey please don't say such uptight things
now usually this phrase is actually
really polite
but because he's using really polite
language
in the complete opposite situation it
changes the feeling to being almost
dismissive and a power move however you
can use
this form without any concern it is not
rude at all it is the
highest level of politeness it's just in
japanese you can actually be
overly polite and it's actually kind of
a way of talking down to someone
[Music]
you must do or you have an obligation to
do something
so we have seen how to express that you
must
not do something with ja ike and i and
now we have the other side
expressing that you must do something
with
naito so the literal translation for
ja ikenai means that if you do
something then it's no good and that's
why it means
must not however this nightto ikenai
actually means if you don't do something
then it's no
good meaning that you must do that
action
and so the same rules apply as before
where you can change ikenai to dummy to
make it more casual
and this time you can even drop it all
together
and just use naito if you want to be
really short and casual so in this
example from the last of us
as the world starts to go crazy joel
takes his daughter and tells her that
they need to get out of town
fast
meaning that we have to evacuate there
is no
choice it's literally that if they don't
get out
bad things are about to happen and so
they must
escape
this is a very formal expression that is
actually slightly
higher level than n5 however i've
included as it helps explain the grammar
that's being
used in this next example so we have
nakcha
ikenai naksha ikenai is a
contraction of naktewa ikennai
however we don't usually say
nakatewaikenai it's quite formal in
small written language however this
spoken language
nakja ikenai is a more casual
contraction of this formal language and
it's much more widely
used so nak tewa contracts to
nakja and then ikenai can contract
into the more casual dummy or just stay
as ikenai they can both be interchanged
so we can see here in the example from
final fantasy vii
where cloud is telling the story of the
events that happened five years ago
and he reads a letter that he wrote to
tifa saying that he has to find a job
shigoto or mitsuke so this is a
casual expression that shows the
subjective view of needing to do
something
you feel that it's something you must do
and it's
based on your own decisions
another way of expressing must do here
this time replacing ikenai
with naranai so the core meaning of
ikenai
is a kind of subjective view that
something is not good
however with naranai its core meaning
is that it is objectively bad and
there's this sense of
obligation to either the rule or society
that an action must be done and so here
being used rather fittingly in a clip
where jiraiya has realized that
nagato is pain and he is perhaps the
greatest threat to peace and stability
in the ninja world
and so he feels this sense of obligation
to stop him and so he says
i must stop pain
and now finally we have the most casual
version here to say to must do
and so all the way from naktewa ikenai
all the way down to just
nakja so this is the complete contracted
with all of the ikenai dropped off it is
just the most casual form
and so we see here in kingdom hearts
goofy says that he needs to quickly
catch up to the king who's gone on this
journey and so he says
and so just remember that this nakja is
the contracted form of
naktera but in spoken speech we use this
nakja
to speak more casually kind of like a we
gotta do it in english
so perhaps you've had enough of all of
this obligation
this next grammar point is perfect for
you
or not is used to express that you
don't need to do a certain action so if
we were to use the previous example
to go alone here the conjugation would
be
you don't have to go along so it's
really simple
just put the verb in the knife form and
then
add and you can even drop the more to
make it slightly more
casual like seen here in the example
from metal gear solid
5 where ocelot is telling snake that the
job miller was sent to do
he didn't have to do it
it was a job that he didn't need to do
so
means you don't have to do it
[Music]
to become now for something completely
different we have
the particle ni
to mean to become something this is a
really useful expression for showing
almost
anything becoming something you just
became an adult
you want to become a millionaire
here from suicide 2 when a party member
joins your army
you have their name followed by nakama
ni natha meaning that the person
became a member of your group so that
works fine with
nouns and not adjectives but what about
e
adjectives well you may have guessed
already but
just like before the e adjective is a
little bit different so let's get into
some examples to understand
more this is the e adjective for
strong so if you want to say to become
strong then you need to put the e
adjective into this
ku form just like we do for
adverb conversion and then straight into
nadu so to become stronger would be
and so this next example from final
fantasy vii
is perfect at showing both ways of
conjugating naru
at the chocobo farm choco billy is
explaining that if you use the greens
they will make the chocobos become
really focused
and actually become more difficult for
them to run away from you and so here we
see
muchu nina become absorbed in something
and then nige nikoi meaning difficult
to run nikoi is an e adjective which
means difficult
to do something and so becoming
difficult to run away would be
nige so you can see that both the noun
and now adjective way of conjugating
this is by adding
ni naru to nouns and now adjectives and
for e
adjectives turning the adjective into ku
nadu so for example oy she
delicious
to explain something and to show
emphasis
this next piece of grammar may perhaps
be the most confusing piece of grammar
that is actually
incredibly simple but it just doesn't
get explained clearly enough in certain
textbooks
leaving students feeling not very
confident in how to actually use this
nordes nordes is used when you're
talking about a
reason or a fact or explanations as to
why something is a certain way
adding this to a sentence simply shows
that what you're talking about
now feels like the focus is that you're
really talking about the reasons
the facts or the explanations on that
matter
so let's take this really simple
statement
it's difficult and then musukashi no
desu
it's difficult but this time with the
nords
grammar so the first example is simply
stating
something is the case it's difficult end
of story that's all
however the nordes version is not only
stating that fact
but it's also adding more emphasis as
the speaker might be actually
answering or asking a question or
explaining their
feeling so like saying ah it's so
difficult
showing a reason for something maybe
there's a reason why
you're complaining or feeling bad it's
because it's difficult muzukashi
so it's used here to show that reasoning
so here in this example from ruga gotoku
ishin
a japanese-only released yakuza game
that retells the story of
ryoma sakamoto in the bakamatsu era in
japanese history
in this time period there was a very
strict
samurai class system that made this
group of people called
joshi on an incredibly higher social
status than the rest of the common folk
and so here this girl is questioning
that status quo
as to whether these jolshi are actually
really that grand and special
and so she says
she is questioning the explanation or
fact
about these joshi being ed which means
grand
or special
there is also a casual form of this
grammar point for
nordes simply contracting the nor to
so here the character zidane from final
fantasy 9
is kind of spinning the cogs in his head
and he's reflecting on the fact
that these holy grounds they were
searching for
is just over this valley and so he's
focusing on the fact
that just over here is this place he
hasn't
simply stating that it exists he's also
reflecting on the facts that maybe he'd
heard previously about
the holy ground and so he's kind of
looking at the reasoning
or the explanation of something so kind
of like
ah so it is that over these
hills are the holy grounds
[Music]
isn't it right or er so the particle
ne is a sentence ending particle that is
used to confirm
something with someone it's very similar
to
right or don't you think so or huh
yeah so as the previously covered na can
be used with yourself when you're kind
of reflecting on something like that
here net differs because this is more
about
confirming something like
it's delicious right or not
it's not it's nostalgic right
so the core of this language is
confirming with someone else
and including people in your
conversation it
generates additional dialogue and so
here eric
asks cloud cloud you're going to see
sector 7 right
and this right comes from net
if you didn't have ne in this sentence
it would feel like aerith is actually
explaining to cloud what he's about to
do
however because she's put ner here it
actually kind of makes it more like a
soft
question
the next particle we have in n5 is the
knee
particle its usages are quite diverse
and so it is an incredibly important
piece of grammar to become
familiar with these four different
definitions give
quite different meanings to each one of
their sentences
in is expressing within a confined
space doing a certain action for example
i am living in kyoto so kyoto
is the area in which i live
or sanji
i sleep at three o'clock so now we have
the definition
at at a certain point in time
me can also be used to express where
objects
are for example
the coffee is on the table and
finally two we can use knee to show the
direction in which we
take an action for example nihon
ni iku go to japan
okay so first let's look at this example
from yakuza
here we have a blind woman that was
surprised by this yakuza
who just suddenly appeared at her shop
she accidentally bumped into him
so she catches him and asks why was he
in there
and he says that he just came into the
shop
so the knee is showing where he hide the
kita where he entered so the noun
before knee is showing that location
in this next example from ghost of
tsushima
two people are sitting atop a hilltop
and they're planning
their attack and they say that they will
jump in
the moment this gate is opened and so
here
knee is used to show the time that this
action
tobi komu takes place and so
the instant the gate opens
also from the same game after sneaking
into the camp
you can find some scrolls that have been
sold
to the mongols and so here we show a
direction of that verb happening
so when expressing the direction that
something takes place
you can also use e instead of
knee to be very specific about the
direction
knee refers to the point of location
but air is more focused on the direction
so here from death stranding they are
trying to decide how to deal with this
body that they want to burn however it's
too dangerous to go to the incinerator
and so he says
meaning incinerator and then e showing
the direction
to that place means it's
more dangerous to go so going in that
direction of the incinerator
is more dangerous than any other option
and so the big thing here is just air is
focused about direction
but knee is focused about the actual
point of location
[Music]
another very useful expression using the
knee particle
is this means to go and do a certain
verb
here you need to turn the first verb
into the verb
stem so kai mas turning into kai
and then turning kaimas
shopping into kai-niiku to go to do
shopping or here in octopath traveler
you can see
futaride with two people miwari knee
on our rounds we will
go so we will go together to do our
rounds
now you can actually also use
with certain nouns that contain action
to express that you're going to do that
now
now this i have not been able to find in
any standard textbook however it is
actually true you can use it with
certain nouns
that take on the suru form however not
all nouns can be used so you must
be very careful because there are no
hard and fast
rules as to which nouns of action you
can use with ni'iku
and which you can't for example you can
say ski
to go to travel these are all nouns
but you cannot say
to go soccer or go to do soccer and you
can't say
sports to go do sports
you cannot say that is incorrect so a
good idea is to make sure that you've
actually seen the noun of action
in use before trying to use it yourself
or a nice little cheat around this is
any noun of action which can also be
turned into a pseudo verb
for example
[Music]
or even
simply and she after the noun
and now you are completely worry free
you can now use this with any noun that
can also be used with suru
if you just add shi ni so you can
gemushiniku and saka shiniku all day
long
[Music]
to decide to or to decide on
this final use of knee in n5 grammar
is to decide on something or to decide
to do something
now you can use this when you're at a
cafe or a restaurant
when you're asked what you'll have to
drink for example
you can reply back with the same grammar
i'll have a coffee or literally i will
decide on the coffee
you can also use me suru to show what
you decide
to do like this iconic scene from
sweeter than two where the two best
friends
rio and joey are about to jump off a
cliff together
to save their lives and they decide on
meeting back here at this place
in case anything goes wrong this is
expressed here with
kokoni to hear modotte
kurukoto the thing of returning back
nishio let's decide
on and so you can see that this grammar
pattern is very useful for showing your
intentions
on choosing to decide a certain thing or
action
[Music]
the possessive particle another
incredibly useful particle is the not
particle this first usage is used when
you want to express
ownership or possession of one
noun to another like for example
my pizza ore pizza
or his bike
so here in ninja gaiden we have tosa no
de in father's room so the first
noun is usually the one that has the
ownership or possession of that
second noun a common translation you
will see
is this like father's room
that is the
[Music]
um
the verb nominalizer the nor particle is
also incredibly useful for this cool
sounding action
normalizing verbs which just means
turning verbs into nouns this is really
useful because then we can talk about
verbs as objects or topics rather than
just
actions that you do think of it kind of
like ing
in english i like walk is incorrect
you just can't say that but i like
walking
you can and it's just like this in
japanese
if you say sample surugaski it's just
incorrect
you need this ing and so you need
the not particle to turn that verb
into a noun and so you would say sample
suru noga
ski it can also be used to express the
thing or one that is the target of the
verb
for example the one
that i ate the thing that i ate pizza
da is pizza or like here in yakuza seven
shinsoko horeteta noah
the one that i was in love with from the
bottom of my heart
was a different woman so we have this
horeteta noir
the one that i loved betsy no nada it
was a different woman
[Music]
to be bad doing something once you know
how to nominalize a verb into a noun you
can
now use these next few phrases to talk
about describing
more information about doing that action
here you can express being bad at doing
a certain action
so just like before you add the no to
a verb like in this example from ella
kids pokedex
entry denki or tameru
denki is electricity dengue or tamer
means
storing electricity and then we have no
heter means
doing that he is bad at so he's bad at
storing electricity
or a more natural way just to say that
he's not good at storing electricity
you can also use this in a positive
sense with
noga josu to be good at something
so just like how heta says what you're
bad at
jawsu says what you're good at this is
actually used to describe
another's action as it contains slight
connotations of
praise so if you use it with yourself
you will sound a little bit cocky like
you're complimenting yourself
and it's usually only used in a kind of
jokingly brag
if you're gonna use it about yourself
but for speaking for others it is
completely normal and
very widely used perhaps you
have been nihongo gajaw already or
perhaps that day
is still to come so here the example we
have
is talking of polygraph's ability to
swim
in heart gold and soul silver and so we
have
oyogu meaning to swim
he is good at swimming if you are
wanting to talk about your own skills in
a more
listening and less braggy manner you
could do this with the higher level
grammar tokui instead of josue
[Music]
meaning to like to show what you like
doing
so if you like studying japanese you
could say
benkyo no ski or you could simply
drop the nor and talk about nouns that
you like with
gansky like i have already mentioned
many times in this video about my love
for pizza
pizzagatsky or even pizzaga daisuki
i like or even love pizza now in this
example
aerith is talking about don cornell's
tastes
in dresses referring to what she is
wearing
saying that he likes this kind of thing
things like this is what he
likes
this grammar is used to explain a reason
or
reasoning for an action the reason
is given before not de with the new
action after for example amega futeta
so the first part is explaining the
reason
why the second part happens so
given that it was raining amiga futano
this is more formal than kada and it's
also
very focused on explaining the reasoning
and so when you see no there think about
it explaining the reasoning of
something just like in this example from
persona 4
given that there will be an emergency
staff meeting
please return to the staff room as soon
as
possible
this is a formal announcement made to
all of the staff
in the school that explains the
reasoning
why the teachers are to return to the
staff room immediately
it's because there's an emergency staff
meeting
and so think of this like the strongest
form of showing because you're really
explaining the reasoning for an action
and
really getting deep into it
[Music]
or the polite marker or honorific
prefix so the honorifics or
and go are incredibly common and widely
used in all japanese
that adds a level of politeness and
honorifics to a word that you are using
now this can make words more respectful
more refined
or even just a part of a word by itself
it just
is that way but often understanding the
difference between the two can cause
nightmares for some students this
standard rule for or
is that if a word uses the kun
yumi reading which is the japanese
reading for a kanji that means it
appears in hiragana in your dictionary
then it generally uses the op prefix
take for example the following words
all of these words use the or in front
of the word to make the word more polite
tarai is just a little rough but
i is a very polite way of referring to
the toilet
and as you can see each example uses the
kunyami or japanese reading
and nigiru are all japanese words
remember you can see this by it being
written in hiragana
in the kanji readings for the kanji so
in this example where gohan is seeing
his father turn
super saiyan for the very first time he
is surprised that it is his father and
so he asks
father note that tosan
is the kunyami or japanese reading
for this kanji torsan where the
chinese or yomi would actually be
fu that's how you read this kanji the
first one there is actually
fu not torso so gohan is a polite boy
and so he is politely referring to his
father when in shock
seeing him turn into a super saiyan
using the op prefix before
torso
and so next is go the other honorific
prefix
that is mostly used before on yomi
or chinese readings of words and so just
like what i said for
the kunyami readings if you want to find
out if a word is kunyami or onyomi
the reading then all you need to do is
look at the dictionary and it should be
written
in either hiragana or katakana if it's
written in katakana
that means it's kind of has an element
of foreignness to it
and that means it's a chinese origin
word
and that also means that you're highly
likely to be able to use
go in front of it to make that word more
honorific
like for example or
go
if you look up any of these words in the
dictionary you will see that they
all begin with the on yomi reading
are all the chinese origin or onyami
readings
by using the gore honorific prefix in
front of these words
you are speaking of someone else's
action or
thing in a very respectful and honorific
manner
take for example kazoku family it's just
the plain word for family there's
nothing polite about it at
all but if you add go
it turns it into something like your
honorable
family and this language is actually far
more useful than you might think
especially in japanese society where
being polite is
incredibly important if you were to talk
about someone else's family especially
with someone that you're not close with
you would want to use this go kazoku to
be as polite as possible referring to
their family
and so seen used here in persona 4 where
igor says
igor speaks in a very formal manner
and so it's appropriate that he uses
gore in front of shokai for introduction
to mean in a way something like thy
honorable
introduction so he makes the action of
introducing
more respectful and honorific by adding
go
before it in another example from dragon
ball z
we see goku using gozonji the honorific
way of saying
to know something now goku here is
actually doing this after gaining
a huge power advantage over frieza
who just killed his best friend and so
he's using this incredibly
formal and honorific language as a kind
of power move
he is so above frieza right now that he
belittles him
by speaking to him arrogantly in the
most polite
way he can now normally this would be
actually a really polite thing to
do but goku is doing it on purpose to
actually make him more distant from
frieza
also goku's normal way of speaking is
kind of a little bit country hickish he
doesn't really use keigor
and the really polite language so the
fact that he's doing it right now when
he goes super saiyan is also adding that
emphasis that he's like a different guy
right now
so as i said before this rule is the
standard rule
but that does not mean that it applies
100
of the time it is the general rule for
how to use these prefixes and for the
most part
it is correct however there are certain
exceptions
and i could probably make an entire
textbook just on explaining the usages
of these two o and go and so i've kept
it short and simple
for this video but if you follow that
hiragana and
katakana you will be correct nine times
out of ten
[Music]
the most simplest and easiest way of
explaining this
is to think of the object in a sentence
as something that is the target of the
verb in that sentence for example
pizza
is the action the verb to eat or shows
exactly what i eat so what do i eat
pizza pizza or so the word that comes
before or
is what i'm doing that verb to and so
really in whatever situation you would
like
whatever is the target of the verb you
can mark it by using
the op particle after that noun throw a
ball
boru or like here in donkey kong country
2
hand over the bananas would be banana or
yo meaning to hand over what are you
handing over
find the or particle to find out bananas
please give me so this next grammar
pattern
actually uses the object marker
followed by kudasai meaning please
so we can already tell just by what
we've already learned previously
that you are asking for an object
politely and that's exactly how this is
used
whenever you want to politely ask for
something just put
that noun in front of or kudasai and
you're done
so like here from final fantasy 12
vosler asks
ash for some more time jikhan or
kudasai please give me some more time
and so you can see that the object
doesn't need to actually be a physical
object like bananas but it also works
with
abstract things like time just remember
here that grammatically speaking the
object marker means
showing the target of the verb
but or however so we have previously
learned that
demo is the casual way to say but or
however in japanese
and demo can be used at the beginning or
middle of the sentence with
commas however shikashi is the more
formal and often written way of
expressing the same
thing and this form must be at the
beginning of a
new sentence so kyoto
i love kyoto full stop end of sentence
however kyoto's summer is very
hot it's not usually used in spoken
language
unless it's for some kind of dramatic
effect but it may be used in
narration in telling a story for that
very effect
like seen here in the opening of zelda
for the super nintendo
here the story is being told that this
seal keeping ganon at bay was expected
to have
never been broken again however
sorera noted
when these events all became that of
legend so the narrator here is telling
the story in a very dramatic way
and sushkashi here fits more than demo
would
however for your normal conversation
when you're talking with
friends or family you would probably use
something else not necessarily shikashi
unless you were wanting to get that
dramatic effect
[Music]
and and then after that and since
then literally meaning from that
sorder meaning that kada meaning from or
after that it's one of the two ways in
n5 japanese to introduce additional
information in a sentence
for example i ate pizza pizza or
okay great but what next sorry kara
and then i watched a movie egg
so it refers to a previous action and
then it continues the story with a
separate action
these actions take place independently
of
each other like seen here in ultra
street fighter 4.
seth talks about his plans becoming the
ultimate power
and so first he needs to do something
but even after that
sore kara demo it won't be too late to
beat judy
so you can see that these two events
aren't necessarily closely linked
but he is adding additional information
to the story that he's telling
[Music]
us
how
[Music]
another way of expressing the same thing
as sore cutter and can often be used
interchangeably is
sochte however just note that sorekara
is more focused on the continuation of
events
after the previous so the first event
and then after that the next event
occurs
the two events are more independent of
each other however
with sochter it's more like and
so i did this and then this sorcere
and then this it's more continuous than
sorte kara
in terms of storytelling and it keeps
the actions feeling like they are
actually continuing and connected
together
and so here in final fantasy vi this
sort there is used to keep the story
events feeling related and close
together
the power of magic disappeared from the
world
and then for one thousand years people
use the power of machines
to bring the world back to life so the
two events here
feel very connected to one another
thanks to sochter
too much this next grammar is used to
express when something is just too
much you can use it with verbs and
adjectives
for verbs simply put them in the mass
stem
and remove the mass also known as the
verb stem
so tabemasu turning into tabe and then
simply add
sugito so if you wanted to say i
ate too much it would be tabe sugita
you can also put them with e and na
adjectives
you just need to remove the last e or
remove the na
and then add sugiru so atsui
so here in this example from naruto ship
with an ultimate ninja storm
this character is saying that it's too
dangerous to do
something here seen with kiken
kiken is another na adjective but the na
has been
removed and then add sugiru at the end
to show that something is too dangerous
you may also see this grammar point
being contracted
in the kansai dialect like seen here in
persona
5 where the character speaks in a
dialect from the kansai
region in japan like osaka and kyoto
and so when speaking in this dialect the
sugiru
actually turns into sugin now it's
actually quite often in japanese media
to usually
include someone in the cast from the
kansai
region in that work as it adds this
element of
flavor to the character and it often has
a connection to the huge
comedy scene that stems from osaka which
heavily uses
this dialect of speaking and so a lot of
people
most people in japan are somewhat
familiar with the kansai
dialect even if they don't live there
so here we have an expression where we
can show that we have done a certain
verb
sometime in the past before now to do
this we simply first need to put
whatever verb we want to use in the
plain past form
for example to go
literally the thing of doing it exists
so here the thing or experience of going
somewhere
exists
so have you been to japan you could say
i have been to japan and so here in
final fantasy vii where the group is
about to enter the shinra
headquarters the group asks if anyone
knows
anything about this place and barrack
responds with
my nikita
i have heard about it before so this
kita is the past form of kicker
to hear so i have heard about it
oh
you have never done something before and
so next is the complete
opposite if you have never done
something you can simply change
aru from the previous grammar into nai
meaning to not exist turning the
expression into you have
never done that verb before so here from
13
sentinels this girl says that she has
never seen a thing like this
except for in the movies
meaning have never seen and we can
also see in this example sentence that
the ga particle
can be dropped if you want to speak
casually
this works for the previous example as
well so
is an acceptable way of using these
expressions casually
as particles are often dropped in casual
speech in japanese
however the official polite and correct
way of speaking is
[Music]
this next grammar point is really simple
and really easy to use
simply put whatever verb you want to do
in the verb stem
so i want to see me must turns into
need time now this is usually only used
in the first person when you're talking
about yourself something you want to do
but it
can be used to talk about others if
you're doing something like
quoting what they said so in this
example from xenoblade 2
rex is telling the enemy that he won't
let them do what they want
because homura has a place she wants to
go
now this is information that he heard
from her previously and he's relaying
that information to the enemy
where he says
she has a place that
[Music]
is a useful way of giving a list of
various things it's best thought of as
meaning
things like it can be used with verbs
nouns
and adjectives for verbs simply put them
in the past form
and then add so kaimono
i shopped into kaimono study
i did things like shopping for nouns and
now adjectives
simply add da tadi after the noun or
adjective so pizza data
means things like pizza or hima
means things like being free and with e
adjectives you want to remove that final
e and add
kattari so being stuff like busy would
be
isogash so in this example from pokemon
heart
gold we can see it being used numerous
times in one sentence
so professor oak is listing all of these
different things that we can do with
pokemon
ishoni we can do things like play
together
we do things like work and even
do things like go to deepen
and so you can list all of the verbs
that you can do do things like this this
and this
however you can also use it just by
itself
in a sentence to simply mean things like
the certain verb and you only need to
use one so here from cyberpunk 2077
judy is saying that by doing this brain
dance you can do
things like kind of make you feel sick
hear expressed with kibunka
things like becoming feeling unwell here
it's only used once but it still holds
that feeling of perhaps there might be
more things that it does it just hasn't
been listed yet because
teddy gives a list of things
this
or has been done by putting a verb
in the te form followed by utter
it makes it feel like something is done
intentionally
and you can see the resulting state of
that
action it's similar to using the past
tense
form but it's different in that it
places emphasis
on the action being done intentionally
and that
end result is still being visible so
like here in final fantasy 8
wonders
what's been written on this list of
ciphers and he
says what is it
that has been written so here he's
emphasizing the action of writing
and also the result that's still visible
on his
list what has been written you could
just say
nani or kaita what did he write but this
sentence is
only focused on the action itself what
did you write
that's it rather than the resulting
state of what has been written
like with te aru so another example
could be
i opened the door so it refers to the
action but if you want to refer to the
state
you could say
the door is open you are now referring
to that resulting state of the door
being
open
an ongoing action or current state this
is the progressive tense of a verb which
shows that something is currently
happening
or on going like benkyo suru to study
benkyo means i am studying
it is a present and ongoing action
this grammar point is incredibly useful
to express something similar to
ing in english where you are showing
something occurring
presently so this example from ghost of
tsushima
where shimura sama is looking for you
this ing is expressed with sagashte
edu currently searching now this example
sentence is actually very simple
and it only states shimura sama is
searching it doesn't
clearly state what for or who of
it's just saying that he is searching
however it is understood through
context that he is looking for the guy
that's being spoken to
as is quite common in japanese you have
to read things through context
this next grammar point that's used with
the tef form of verbs
is te karda if you remember that kada
means from so you could think of it as
literally meaning
from doing the verb or put in other
words
since doing that verb the two most
common meanings are either
after or since for example
after i studied benkyo
so it shows that after i did the first
verb
i did the next verb or like in this
example from boku no nati
we have okikunate kara
you grew up this is the first time we
have met
hajimeter atta so you can see that te
kara can be used for expressing
after doing one verb you do another one
or
since doing a certain verb just make
sure to put that verb
in the tef form when you're doing this
because if you put it in any other form
it changes the meaning
greatly
[Music]
is now asking politely for someone to do
a verb because the te is the tef form of
the verb
perhaps one of the earliest japanese
expressions that people learn in their
textbooks
is chottomate kudasai please wait a
little bit
so here matsu means to wait and choto
is a little so put the verb in the tef
form
followed by kudasai please do please
wait mate here in 13
sentinels a voiced announcement is
asking residents
to follow police instructions politely
and so here shita gao means to obey or
follow making
meaning please obey or please follow the
police's
guidance so if you want to ask
anyone to do a verb you simply put the
verb into the tef form
followed by kudasai
now we have finally made it to that te
what ikenai that i mentioned at the very
beginning
of this video so we saw the casual
version of this with
cha ikenai in the very first grammar
point but this is that
non-contracted version to say that you
must not
do something this is much more formal
than cha
ikenai and here it's being used by the
mentally unstable cyborg
ninja from metal gear solid here he says
bukiya sobini
you cannot rely on equipments and
weapons
so you could make this form even politer
by changing that ni to masen
so an incredibly polite and formal way
of saying you must not do something
would actually be
verb
um
it's okay too now if we're wanting to
just
give or ask for permission to do
something like
is it okay we use tem or e
in japanese this can be used with verbs
nouns
and adjectives you just need to put them
in the te-form
and then add more e so taberu to eat you
want to ask if it's okay to eat
just say or with nouns
you add demo e like in
what do you want to eat pizza is okay
pizza
demo so you turn the tempo into demo
for nouns and with adjectives the same
conjugation rules apply as we've seen
many times before
e adjectives drop the last e and replace
with and then na adjectives function
exactly the same
as nouns so for example takai for
expensive
if you wanted to say it's okay even if
it's expensive maybe you're going
shopping
you don't care about the price you would
say
even if it's expensive it's okay now you
can also drop that
more if you want to speak more casually
which is exactly what's happening here
in the example from final fantasy 9
where zidane tells
vivi that it's okay to not refer to him
with these
sun suffixes in his name as it's just
too formal for their relationship
and he wants him to chill out and so he
says
it's okay to drop the formalities for me
so yobe stare is removing all of those
suffixes that you put at the end of the
name
so zidane's son just get rid of that
you'll be there throw it away
and then we have niche de correct means
that you can do it for me it's okay
what's
this particle has three quite
distinctive uses
at the n5 level that are all very useful
and widely used
the first is simply used quite like and
in english however tor is quite
definitive so if you say i
like pizza and pasta pizza
pasta you really are saying that those
two things are what you like
you are not mentioning anything else or
even the possibility of anything else
you're just saying very definitively
those are the two things you like
like here in persona 5 igor again here
is describing the place that you're in
it's the place that exists between dream
and reality
[Music]
spirit and matter
[Music]
so with this use of tor he is very
definitively
describing what this room is and it has
to do with these four things that he
mentioned
and four things only
can also be used to express doing
something with
someone like for example going somewhere
with friends
you would say
go together with friends and that's
exactly what's going on here in persona
4
where nanakov suggests that you go to
school together with her
and so this width is that tall particle
and that's what you decide on doing and
so you say
that's together with nanako
can also be lastly used as a kind of
quote for something and it can describe
for example how someone is called so
here revolver ocelot from metal gear
solid
says to snake that he is referred to
as revolver right he's called
revolver and so he says
i am referred to as so this tall is
actually identifying exactly
what he's being called
[Music]
so moving on to toki this expression
means
when or at a certain time and it can be
used with
verbs nouns and even adjectives
talky with verbs you simply just put the
verb in the casual form
and attach toki like when i go to school
or with nouns when i was 18
you do ju no toki
so you add a naught particle before
toki and with adjectives you just put
them in their
full form followed by toki so
toki when i was young or na
meaning to be free would be himana toki
when i am free so here from final
fantasy 15 we have the example sentence
when you return home
now this example is actually quite
formal because they are royalty
speaking but the core of this grammar is
still quite
clear after a verb you just add
toki so the verb here is naru and you
just add
toki just make sure that the verb is in
a
casual form like with all grammar as
politeness indicators are actually added
at the end of a sentence like
des and mas and you never mix them in
between grammar in conjunction
only at the end of a sentence
[Music]
this phrase is rather useful to express
very
in japanese usually it goes before an
adjective
or verb like totemo atsui
it's very hot or totemo
i am very tired the first of two
examples that we have from video games
is from
persona 4. we're looking at the reaction
of ichijo
he seems very happy and so here we can
see the text description
saying he
seems very happy coming
before the adjective but it can also be
used on its own
quite similar to how very is used on its
own in english
so like the example here from witcher 3
where after saying that he wanted to
meet with her
he just says totemo meaning very
much so you can say that i very much
want to meet with you
or you could just say i want to meet
with you
very much
showing intention or a plan this next
piece of grammar is used to show
intention towards doing a certain action
and you put it after the verb to show
that intention
or plan to do that verb so like these
two examples
first from cyberpunk 2077 where
v asks evelyn does she really intend on
doing the thing that will make her
unable to keep
living in the city and so we have yadu
meaning to do
and modi showing intention so
do you really intend to do it
[Music]
or next from dragon ball z where freezer
is fed up with goku raising his hands
like he just don't care for almost 120
episodes
and says how long do you plan to keep
doing that
it's a mother until when so stay do
somebody do you intend on doing that
in both of these cases we can see the
focus of this grammar's point is to
highlight the willingness
and purposefully doing of an action so
if you intend to watch this
video one more time after you've
finished you could say
i intend to watch this video again
so now we have finally arrived at the
second of the two
often confused particles in japanese
the wah particle which is often confused
with the previously mentioned
ga particle so the y particle is known
as
the topic marker and it's written as
ha but pronounced as and at its most
simplest explanation it just shifts the
topic of the sentence
to what comes before the particle
a definition that i personally love to
use myself is
speaking of or as for
this covers close to 99 of all uses of
this grammar particle
when you want to specifically emphasize
that
you are talking about yourself you could
say watashi watashiwa
speaking of myself and you can also use
this to set the topic for what follows
so if you wanted to talk about the
weather you could say tenkiwa
and so on this introduces that topic to
the listener so in this example here the
boy is asked
what grade he is in and the boy replies
with
watashi as
for me or speaking of me i'm a third
grader now of course there are more uses
for
this particle such as showing contrast
and comparison
and so on and if you want more of that
detail make sure to check out my wire
versus gar video
where i cover it in full detail if you
want to have more information
but just for now think of gar as
answering the question to who or what
and wha is simply setting the topic for
what you will now continue to
[Music]
so something is more adjective than
another noun this next grammar point is
used to show when one subject
is more something than the other for
example pizza is more delicious than
salad you could say pizzawa sarada yori
oishi so the topic of what you're
talking about is set with the wa
particle pizza and then the yodi is
following the thing that you are
comparing to
here being and then
after yodi comes the adjective so how
you're actually comparing these two
things
here being oishii for delicious
so pizzawa
or like here in this example from star
ocean 2
we have this character saying that dias
is stronger than
anyone else and so they say dia
da de gori more more than anyone
si strong
to ask how a certain noun is or how it's
going or how about for example
how is this video kono dogawa dodeska
i hope you're enjoying it so far and so
the example we have here again is from
metal gear solid and after seeing many
people die
after coming into contact with him snake
is a little concerned about the
well-being of
how and so he asks
as for your feelings
the second to last particle that we have
for this video is
the ya particle now this is used very
similar to the
top particle to express and however this
time the list
is not definitive if you remember tor
is speaking of what is mentioned and it
only talks about those
things however the particle ya
is used to list multiple things
and even imply that there are other
items that could still be included in
this list
they just haven't been mentioned so in a
way
you can think of this more like things
like
something and rather than just simply
and
so if we used our previous example pizza
pasta you could say i like things like
pizza and pasta and there could even be
more things that i like i'm just not
listing them right now
and so here from the final demo version
of bravely default
this character says that for those like
royalty and nobility or zokuya
kizoku those like royalty and nobility
[Music]
things like betrayal and conspiracy are
commonplace
so you can see here that he's not saying
that
betrayal and conspiracy are the only
things that happen
to nobility and royalty but he's saying
that things like this
are just commonplace there could be even
more and there could also be
more types of groups of people that fit
in this group with royalty
and nobility he's just listing these two
right now so this yaw particle
really has that feeling of there could
be more than what's being listed
so things like x and y
dominant
ending emphatic particle so a very
fitting final particle to cover in this
video
as the your particle is used at the end
of a sentence
to add emphasis kind of like you know
like if something is really yummy you
could say
hoisio it's really yummy you know or
like from the trailer for final fantasy
16
here we have those assassin looking guys
talking about
making sure not to miss the target
so
don't mistake the target and then your
added on the end
to really put emphasis on the fact that
he does not want it to happen
right so like come on guys hey you know
don't miss the target
it's almost like adding an exclamation
mark at the end of a sentence
or saying hey or you know
[Music]
[Music]
and now finally the last grammar for n5
and the last for this video is
a yori bihorga adjective
more than a b is what is more
adjective so for this example more than
textbooks
i hope this video is what you found
enjoyable
i hope you found this video more
enjoyable than textbooks
more than textbooks
this video is what is more
i hope that it has been interesting so
this grammar point can be used with
verbs
adjectives or nouns but just remember
that when you're using it with nouns
that a naught particle must come after
the noun
so just like my example that i gave the
rest
are all just there in their normal forms
so like in this final example from final
fantasy
vii more than that sorry
i wonder if it would be better to run
away
nige dashta so you can see here that the
verb can be used in any
form and you can actually compare
anything you can compare an
adjective to another adjective or a noun
to another noun
or a verb to another verb just make sure
that you have
the first one yori the second one
and then whatever you're doing to
describe that thing at the end
and that is it you have now learned
every single piece of
n5 grammar that there is to learn so
i've compiled
numerous grammar lists from several
different sources
textbooks and the internet in making
this video textbook
for you in order for you to get the most
complete picture of what you need to
know at the n5
level as the jlpt doesn't actually
release
an official list of exactly what grammar
you need to learn
and so textbooks and websites they need
to base all of their information and
their lists
off of just what was previously covered
in past
jlp tests that the company has released
publicly for people to use for study
material
and since sometimes certain websites or
books and lists
they might be a little bit incomplete in
fact when i was going through my
searches almost every list was a little
bit different
and so i compiled all of them together
in this
one big video so you didn't miss out
on anything and we even dipped our feet
into a little bit more advanced grammar
that was used in both the examples
and the explanations throughout the
process so i hope this textbook
video was really useful for you and your
japanese studies and i hope that you
enjoyed the journey together with me
and video games as we worked through
each and every piece of grammar
for the j o p t and five level
if you like this kind of video please
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so thank you very much for watching good
luck with your japanese studies
and i'll see you again next time
you