How to a pcb manufactured
How PCB is Made in China - PCBWay - Factory Tour
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from last four years I am making
hundreds of electronics projects in
almost every electronics project I have
used PCBs but this time we are going to
China to a city called Shenzhen to show
how PCBs are actually made
and thanks to PCB way for inviting us
there after we make a PCB order in their
website first engineers inspect or
uploaded PCB file the conducts rdf em
review by checking the trace widths the
space between the tresses hole size etc
and ensure that design is error-free
and fits within manufacturing
capabilities after checking several
circuits that combine them on a large
production panel which is much more
efficient to handle to the factory thus
the production costs also decreases
first the board is dry-cleaned in a
machine and then gutted and small pieces
which is suitable for manufacturing
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after cutting the board's they come to
the drilling room drilling is done for
two purposes for connecting the laded
components and for the via holes that
link the copper layers together first
the operator takes a MDF board as exit
material then he loads one or more PC
panels and place it on the machine
and finally adds a sheet of aluminium as
entry foil
those machines are computer-controlled
after selecting the right drill program
the machine starts working drill change
is fully automatic the machine selects
the drill to use from the drill rack and
checks that it is the correct size and
then loads it into the drill head this
is a year driven drill which can rotate
up to 150 thousand revolutions per
minute the high speed drill makes the
whole walls cleaner
after that the corners are trimmed to
make it round it then the surface is
clean
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the machine automatically smooths the
edges of the board one side at a time
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as the board has drilled for making
connection between top and bottom there
but the middle there is non conductive
fiberglass so to make connection between
top and bottom there the board comes for
electroplating the operator loads the
panels on to the flight bars the panels
themselves act as cathodes for
electroplating
the panels are carried through a series
of chemical and rinsing baths by the
overhead crane this is a multi-stage
process and everything is controlled by
computer to ensure about one micron
thick copper has deposited over the
walls of the hole after that the board
goes through a series of process where
copper is plated up to a thickness
depending on the required final finish
for the panel this process took about 40
minutes of time and then board
automatically goes to the another room
for a next step to enter into this room
we need to put on a special type of
anti-static clothes and we need to pass
through a dust cleaning chamber
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then manatees first coated with a layer
of photosensitive film in the
photoresist which is hot rolled onto the
copper this machine do this
automatically or sometimes down this
process manually this film is blue
light-sensitive so all the lights into
the room is yellow so the light does not
affect this film then the operator
cleans the films the film is the one
which already has printed circuit
diagrams on it and loaded the first pill
then put the laminated panel and finally
the second theory after perfectly
aligning both layers
the board is sent to the printer the
printer uses or for the UV lamps too
hard and photosensitive film according
to the circuit printed film so after
this process only the circuit part is
hardened and rest unwanted areas remain
soft modern machine can do this whole
process automatically next the board is
processed through a chemical solution or
developer that removes the unhardened
and unwanted resist from areas that were
not polymerized by light after this you
can clearly see only the circuit is
printed by blue resist and this material
will resist the chemical at the etching
process then the board is sent for the
etching this process is to remove the
unwanted copper using a powerful
alkaline solution after etching the
boards need to be cleaned and washed to
remove the excess chemical solution then
the boards come for automatic optical
inspection or Aoi this machine enables
fast and accurate inspection of PCBs to
ensure that the quality of product
leaving the production line is high and
the items are built correctly and
without manufacturing faults when
detecting circuits the machine
automatically scans the PCB through the
camera collects images and compares the
tested solder joints with the qualified
parameters in the database
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when everything is okay then the board
comes again to another yellow room for
solder mask
this coating machine simultaneously
covers both sides of the panel with a
box his holder masking
sölden mask is required to protect the
copper surface and prevents older short
in between components during assembly
after applying solder mask panels are
now wrecked and put through a conveyance
to dryer at 87 degree Celsius which
hardens the resist just enough for the
next stage
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usually it takes almost 25 minutes to
bake solar mass is applied to all over
the board so to remove the solder mask
from solder pad first the operator takes
the PCB and then align the photo film
carefully at both sides simultaneously
the UV lamp in the machine hardened the
ink where the film is clear letter on
the unhardened and unwanted resists are
stripped off
most PCBs have a component legend to
show which component goes where they use
in jet printers to image the legends
direct from the board digital data this
printer is very advanced the operator
only needs to find the silkscreen file
corresponding to the board and set the
positioning on the main control computer
then the inker will be applied on the
boards evenly and automatically moreover
it can also be printing and curing on
the same system to protect the copper of
solder pad from oxidation hot-air solder
leveling is often chosen as surface
finish method for circuit boards in
addition to the usual hasl they also
provide a variety of surface treatment
methods such as emotion gold heart gold
and OSP for customers to choose
according to their needs
finally the PCB production process is
done then they electrically test every
multi-layer PCB against the original
board data using flying probe tester
that is the high voltage insulation and
low resistance conduction of the circuit
boards and check each net to ensure that
the circuit is complete and there is no
short or open circuit for high-volume
production they use automatic test
machine which saves time and money
because it runs at a high rate
after all testing the boats come into
the milling room now it's time to
separate all individual PCBs from the
large production panel
the operator loads one or more PCBs onto
the CNC machine and choose the right
program for those ports
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according to customer needs the board or
array can also be be scored so that they
can easily be broken apart after
assembly after milling the board comes
for cleaning this machine cleans dust
and oil stains using ultrasonic waves
after wet cleaning the boards are dried
then a team of sharp-eyed inspectors
give each PCB a final and careful check
over she looks for any cosmetic defects
like scratches and marking also checks
aperture thickness holes etc after
inspection the PCBs are vacuum sealed
and bubble wrapped to keep out dirt and
moisture then the packets come to the
packing room after printing out the
production release note PCBs are
securely boxed inside form wrapper
and at the end of the day courier comes
and takes a package and delivers all
over the world hope you have enjoyed
this video this was a lot of fun and
also I have learned a lot from them hope
you have also learned something new so
that's it for now see you in my next
video until then bye bye
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